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Review Fires of the Moon by James Ellis

James Ellis writes extensively in Wales and the UK for a variety of publications with a focus on classical, opera, music theatre and performance art. He is a multidisciplinary artist and founded the theatre company Weeping Tudor Productions. James’ performance channel can be found here.

The arts in Wales remain in a very tender predicament. With various difficulties after the pandemic, things are just not back to normal. Through the broad palette of artistic mediums today it would appear, rather shockingly, that only one new feature-length Welsh language film will be released in cinemas this year. This is Tanau’r Lloer or Fires of the Moon, directed by Chris Forster.

Filmed entirely in Wales, specifically Llangollen, Bethesda and Blaenau Ffestiniog, Fires of the Moon goes back to the real location which inspired Un Nos Ola Leuad, or Full Moon in English. Arguably the best novel written in Welsh, Caradog Pritchard’s story of a 1930s slate mining community in North Wales depicts a blistering, harsh world. Though Fires of the Moon is not entirely based on the novel, it heavily leans on it for dramatic and thematic punches. 

Opera on film is a rare event. Most notably, the 1980s saw a golden era of La Traviata (1982), Parsifal (1982) and Carmen (1984), all getting defining cinematic offerings. Can it work as well as its over-four-hundred-year history on stage? Through this, I did wonder: is a black and white opera film in Welsh a hard sell?

My enthusiasm for the source material was evident thanks to a rather strong film version of Un Nos Ola Leuad, directed by Endaf Emlyn. From 1991, this was a gateway delight, the acting was well honed, with a noteworthy score by Mark Thomas, perfectly oozing with choirs and lush orchestration. I wish I’d read the novel in translation. It’s rare for me to see a work of media and want to seek out the source material. That must be Pritchard’s power. 

With the orchestra of Welsh National Opera under the baton of Iwan Teifion Davies, Gareth Glyn’s Fires of the Moon opera is in good hands. The music, often subtle, doesn’t always have an edge to it, yet is seemingly romantic in tone. The percussion is fairly extensive and you can hear it throughout. The Welsh vocal line glides with the harmony of the orchestra, the words seemingly ironed into the score. The libretto by Iwan Teifion Davies and Patrick Young harkens back to the novel and is inflected with little moments of consideration and pondering. The mood of the novel never really feels evoked; however, the film creates its own ambience from within its illusive atmosphere.

A fantastic array of Welsh talent make up the cast. Huw Ynyr as the leading character Hogyn is good, although may not be mature enough to play a man looking back on his life with so many mixed emotions. Annes Elwy is Jini, a sprite seductress of sexual awakening for Hogyn. Elin Pritchard as the Mam is great in this heartbreaking role, committed to an asylum by her own son. Gossip, shame and shunning all bleed out of the story and Mam is one of the worst to be affected by the deeply toxic community she lives in. While there are few stand out moments, Forster’s direction is solid and cinematography by Ben Chads is fittingly black and white, the monochrome textures adding to the dreamlike story. Imagery of the era’s trains, lakes, the moon (naturally) and woods are all pleasantly ethereal. 

The overall result is original and fresh. Sometimes subtle where you wish it would go grand, Fires of the Moon will nonetheless be a milestone in Welsh film and opera. Perhaps unfortunately, there are elements of the film that modern audiences will have no trouble relating to: the film explores the original novel’s themes of loss and mental health, something that nearly 65 years after the novel was published, are still relevant today. There is thankfully more awareness around mental health in 2025, yet the effects of inadequacies across our current mental health provision are still felt across Wales. Perhaps the film’s message is ultimately one of hope; that artistic creation and self-expression might not be the answer to everything, but it can be a means to alleviate suffering.

This being the only new Welsh language cinematic release in 2025, I’d strongly encourage people to go out and find a screening near them. I’ve often encouraged and introduced people to opera and it is one of life’s best things. Seeing Fires of the Moon on the big screen could be a whole new discovery, in an iconic story that isn’t afraid to show another side of Wales. So take the plunge and go savour Tanau’r Lloer

Fires of the Moon is coming to cinemas across Wales from November 14, 2025.

It was funded by S4C and Creative Wales and has various connections to Wales including producers Patrick Young, Ed Talfan and Emyr Afan, director Chris Forster, screenwriter Marc Evans, and a score performed by the Welsh National Opera orchestra.

Fires of the Moon was filmed in Dragon Studios (Bridgend) and Great Point Seren Studios (Cardiff) and on location in Bethesda, Llangollen and Blaenau Ffestiniog.

This article was commissioned by Film Hub Wales as part of its Made in Wales project, which celebrates films with Welsh connections, thanks to funding from Creative Wales and the National Lottery via the BFI.

Review, Irving Berlin’s Top Hat the Musical, Wales Millennium Centre, 11th November 2025 by Bethan England

 out of 5 stars (4.5 / 5)

You always know you’re in safe hands with a production originally forged at the Chichester Festival Theatre and I am beyond trilled to report that Top Hat is another phenomenal production. Based on the 1935 film, this production could feel ‘old hat’ rather than ‘Top Hat,’ but with a pacey storyline, a hugely gifted cast and ensemble, slick dance routines and slapstick that the Palladium Panto would be jealous of, the latest iteration of this classic musical tap danced straight into my heart and refused to budge.

The opening number of Putting on the Ritz really showed off the ensemble’s tight, energetic dancing prowess, and this remains throughout the entire performance. The tap dancing especially, had me spellbound; there’s nothing quite like a perfect line of tap dancers tapping in precise unison! The ensemble singing is also gorgeous, bringing the classic tunes to life and breathing fresh life into them.

The main drive behind this fantastic production, however, is the lead cast, and what a cast they are. Alex Gibson-Giorgio as Alberto Beddini is a joyous, riot of a character; his rendition of Latins Know How had the audience howling with laughter. His characterisation of the hapless Italian was endearing, hilarious and he delivered some of the wittiest puns of the show with excellent comic chops and timing. In an equally hilarious portrayal, James Clyde as Bates is a sight to behold. This was a masterclass in comedy, his costume changes, his accents, his ability to hold the audience in the palm of his hand…simply wonderful.

Only appearing in Act Two might mean that a character leaves less of an impact on an audience, but this is not the case with Sally Ann Triplett’s portrayal of Madge Hardwick. She has some of the best one liners in the show, delivered with devastating, and hilarious precision and poise. She only needed to glance towards the audience to have us burst into laughter. She commanded the stage and was truly the matriarch of the Top Hat world. She is teamed with James Hume as poor, long suffering, Horace Hardwick. Horace seems to end up with the worst end of the stick every time and Hume gives us a performance which is so endearing but also full of comic genius. His hiding in the bridal suite during Wild About You and his incident with the steak on his black eye were exceptionally executed, proving slapstick, when executed well, still has a place in modern theatres.

Finally, Amara Okereke and Phillip Attmore bring Dale Tremont and Jerry Travers to life, respectively. Amara shows us a Dale who is fierce, strong, independent, yet childlike and eager in her discovery of love with Jerry. Her dancing is stunning, her voice like velvet. She holds her own against the love protestations of both Jerry and Alberto and brings a fresh side to a character who pirouetted across the silver screen in 1935. I particularly enjoyed her heartfelt, stunningly sung rendition of Better Luck Next Time.

Phillip Attmore brings a zest and charm to Jerry Travers which is truly joyous to behold. His dancing is so clean and precise, and he captures the essence of the original Jerry, Fred Astaire, whilst bringing his own evident charm and qualities to the role. He leans into the classic film but never makes you feel that he is plagiarising the original, he brings a voice, performance and dancing which is all his own. Whether in tap shoes or not, he is a joy to watch.

This is a slick, well designed production which doesn’t stop for even a moment and, as such, makes it a truly captivating watch. It’s revival productions like this with beautiful set, gorgeous costuming and an ensemble and cast to die for that prove that, even almost 100 years later, musicals like Top Hat still have a very well deserved place in our theatres and in our hearts.

Review ‘Carducci Caravan’, Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama by Eleonora Savvidou

‘Where the dreamers still belong’: ‘Carducci Caravan’

Matt Denton – violin, Michelle Fleming – violin, Eoin Schmidt-Martin – viola, Emma Denton – cello

‘They are expecting you,’ I overheard Andrea Jones, the head of undergraduate studies at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama (RWCMD), say to a visitor ahead of the much anticipated ‘Carducci Caravan’ concert. An unexpected phrase to hear before a concert, one could say, considering that ticketed entry has been a hallmark of public performances since their emergence in the eighteenth century. Laughter, and enthused quiet chatting followed, as I turned to see groups of primary school children, orderly lined up, walking towards the stage doors. Many had never attended a world-class concert venue before, and this may have been their first time hearing a string quartet live. While the students would have been introduced to the fame of the Carducci Quartet by their teachers, the novelty of the experience itself, combined with their dream-centred view of the world, may have overshadowed the factual biographical details they had been told. To college students as much as to older visitors, the ‘internationally acclaimed’ and ‘award-winning’ Carducci Quartet needed no introduction. The young special guests were to be the sincerest critics of the night.

It was not long after the Carducci Quartet took the stage that the audience, who had been expecting a normative concert format with a series of pieces played in turn, realised they were in for a treat. ‘No borders bound, no paths confined, a world of music we will find… so come abroad – no need to pack – the Carducci Caravan won’t look back’, Bella Cerely, one of the four RWCMD actors who joined the quartet for the evening, announced to begin the concert. The reassurance offered by the opening poem, titled ‘Wanderer’s Melody’, was soon to be subverted by the Carducci’s innate theatricality. Playfully misguiding the audience through the fourth movement of Haydn’s Joke quartet, they repeatedly encouraged the belief that the movement had ended ahead of time, although the young guests were particularly good at not being tricked from the second time round!

Following the distinct, gypsy-influenced tone pallets of Bartók’s Six Romanian Folk Dances, Clarissa Mondeh read a translated poem by Tao Yuanming. Portraying how that which makes a place feel like home is not determined by environmental features, but is guided by the heart, the soaring lines of Puccini’s Crisantemi continued the narrative of the poem. Matt Denton’s poignant solo alluded to the intangibility of seeking for the out of reach, while the quartet’s remorseful ends of phrases reflected the narrator’s dissolving, ‘fleeting truths’.

The next piece in the programme – Huang Ruo’s The Flag Project: String Quartet No. 2 – introduced a soundscape so close yet so far away from the unanimous timbral quality which has long been attributed to the string quartet genre. As the Carducci’s took turns to welcome Tibetan finger-cymbals to the ensemble, the pure, sonorous and resonant timbre of the percussion instrument complemented both the penetrative high registers of the violins and the depth of Emma Denton’s rich harmonies. A sound world shaped by Ruo’s vivid imagination and the artistry of the quartet unfolded to captivate the audience.

With the ‘Carducci Caravan’ symbolising one’s journey through life, the invincible upheavals that toy against humanity were depicted through an account titled ‘Chaos instead of Music’ (Pravda, 1936). Condemning and denouncing Shostakovich for the nature of his music, Alex Johnson read how it was conceived as ‘a wilderness of musical chaos… that may end very badly’. Paradoxically, the Carducci’s sinister tone evoked through the preceding Four for tango by Piazzolla was alleviated for the beginning of Shostakovich’s Wrong Note Polka. Their shimmering fast vibrato infused buoyancy to the theme which was first stated plucked before its bowed reprise at the end the movement. With the closing of the piece delayed by an interspersion of dissonant chords, the programme continued with a shift in mood from anger to desolation as Rory Stroud narrated ‘The Dark Hills’ by Edwin Arlington Robinson.

‘Dark hills at evening in the west… fade – as if the last days were fading, and all wars were done’ was remarked before the opening harmonies of Elgar’s Nimrod filled the room with an apologetic depth of feeling. The quartet’s carefully crafted phrasing and frequent returns to stillness rendered the optimism of the rising passages short-lasting, mirroring the narrator’s enduring difficulty in comprehending man-made destruction. A final utterance of the thematic material, which was inspired by one of Elgar’s close friends, seamlessly led onto a recent partnership formed between the Carducci Quartet and 18-year-old composer Sam Snook. Winner of the 2025 Carducci Young Composers Competition, Sam’s Bloom furthered the emotional landscape of Elgar’s Nimrod as frequent tremolo passages united members of the quartet and strength was born from the movement’s sorrowful melodies. In the time span of a few minutes, musical, metaphorical, and literal synergies had been ignited between the past and the present.  

Having experienced feelings of reassurance, unease, heart ache, wonder, devastation and unity, ‘we end with fire, and full of light’ was exclaimed ahead of the quartet’s final piece. Composed by the Danish String Quartet, Shine you no more is inspired by John Dowland’s Flow my tears. Yet, it goes on to tell a story beyond that which the narrator of the song is capable of seeing. Contrasting to Dowland’s lament of intense sadness and misfortune, Shine you no more alludes to a detachment from the world’s unfathomable nature. Music guided the narrator to find brilliance and joy as the quartet’s palpable enthusiasm drew the concert to a close.

During the interval, audience members from all walks of life had gathered in the bustling RWCMD foyer, as champagne glasses adorned the circular tables and heads of departments hurried around to greet the many visitors from afar. While the young special guests were nowhere to be seen, it was assumed that the quartet were backstage preparing for the second half of their performance, as is customary at classical-music concerts. Little did many know that the Carducci Quartet had other plans for the interval. Moments after leaving the stage to place their instruments backstage, the quartet returned to the hall this time off-stage – to meet, greet and thank their smiley, bright-eyed unexpected visitors. As the primary school children cheered and congratulated the quartet with a standing ovation at the end of the concert, it was clear that the Carducci Quartet had succeeded in inviting everyone present into their world. A world, as ‘The Lark’s Song’ by William Allingham noted during their performance, ‘where the dreamers still belong’.

Review The Offspring/ Simple Plan, Cardiff Utilita Arena by Rhian Gregory

The Offspring and Simple Plan blew the roof off Cardiff’s Utilita Arena last night, Monday, 10th November, delivering an unforgettable night of punk-rock energy and nostalgia.

It was a much anticipated return for both bands – Simple Plan, who last performed in the city in the summer of 2024 at Cardiff Castle supporting Avril Lavigne, and The Offspring, whose previous Cardiff show was back in November 2021. This time, they joined forces for a powerhouse double bill that had fans singing, shouting, and jumping from start to finish.

Simple Plan kicked things off with their trademark pop-punk charm, launching into fan favourites like “I’m Just a Kid “and “Perfect”. The crowd was instantly transported back to the early 2000s, belting out every lyric. Frontman Pierre Bouvier’s energy was infectious, and his connection with the audience was heartfelt — especially when he surprised fans by speaking a few words of Welsh, earning loud cheers across the arena.

One particularly special moment came for Cerys, and her mum Rhian Gregory, who had the chance to meet Simple Plan backstage at a VIP pre-show pizza party. Cerys welcomed the band back to Wales and even taught them some Welsh phrases, which Pierre proudly used during the performance — a lovely touch that made the night even more memorable for local fans.

Then came The Offspring, and the energy surged even higher. Dexter Holland and Noodles delivered a masterclass in rock showmanship, tearing through hits like “Want You Bad” and “Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)” with the raw, rebellious edge that has defined their sound for decades.

A standout moment of the night was Dexter’s emotional piano performance of “Gone Away”. Fans lit up the venue with their phone lights, swaying gently in unison, creating a sea of twinkling lights that matched the emotion of the song perfectly. It was a powerful and heartfelt moment that showed a softer side to The Offspring’s usually high-octane set.

The band even surprised fans with a tribute to The Beatles, leading a massive sing-along of “Hey Jude” that united everyone in the arena.

From start to finish, it was a night of nostalgia, energy, and genuine connection — proof that both The Offspring and Simple Plan still know exactly how to thrill a crowd. Cardiff was loud, proud, and absolutely rocking.

Review Pride and Prejudice, Theatr Clwyd by Simon Kensdale

It is a truth universally acknowledged that a theatre has to put bums on seats if it is to survive. What better source of material to use to achieve this goal than a book which has sold more than 20 million copies (Wikipedia) and which has been revived on TV? The only drawback is that Pride and Prejudice is a novel not a play. Adapting it means a six-hour reading experience has to be pruned back to provide two hours traffic on the stage. The difficulties have been confronted by an interesting (and presumably economic) collaboration between five regional theatres: Mold’s Theatr Clwyd, the Bolton Octagon, Keswick’s Theatre By The Lake, and the Stephen Joseph and Hull Truck Theatres. Their production has attracted good reviews and on a Wednesday press night at Theatr Clwyd the house was more than three quarters full and the best seats looked to be sold.

The audience enjoyed the show. They applauded loudly when Elizabeth Bennet kissed Darcy (did that happen in the book?) and they cheered when the couple were sprayed with water so that Darcy’s shirt could be dampened in reference to a scene in the TV series (not, I think, in the book). A number stood to applaud at the end, as if we were still in the party conference season.

I think the audience and the critics were right to applaud. The show is very funny. The cast, with their spot on timing and faultless attention to detail, perform like a dance band, making the absolute most of the material they have been given. They fill the stage even when only two characters are present, and they easily suggest both the crowded rooms at a ball and the palatial grounds of Darcy’s estate. There is a lot of physical theatre with Ben Fensome’s inspired interpretation of Mr Collins and Joanna Holden’s manic clowning as Mrs Bennet. Set against these two are secure performances from James Sheldon as Darcy – his feet remain stolidly rooted to the stage throughout the excitement – and Eve Pereira’s Mary, a study in straight-face absurdity. We also get a riff on Lady Bracknell in Jessica Ellis’ Lady Catherine de Bourgh (she avoids mentioning the handbag). Other members of the cast, like Rosa Hesmondhalgh as Elizabeth and Dyfrig Morris as Mr Bennet (and one suspects also as the permanently veiled Anne de Bourgh) hold everything together confidently. They maintain the realism of the story. Background music is provided on the harpsichord by Mary, and by other period instrument versions of ‘Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?’ and ‘You’re So Vain’.

Nobody put a foot wrong. The only (small) detail that didn’t work dramatically was doubling Eve Pereira up as Mr Bingley, presumably to save employing another actor (one of the Bennet daughters was also cut). But, given that Bingley has the least interesting role in the production, the gender switch didn’t matter much.

Nonetheless, despite what the show achieved, it was entertainment rather than art. Quality, ingenious entertainment, requiring a high level of professionalism- it can’t have been easy for writer Kate Hamil to fashion a fast-moving play from a slow-burning novel and director Lotte Wakeham deserves her plaudits for getting the most out of her actors – but this show is fundamentally tongue-in-cheek. It stops short of sending the novel up but it misrepresents it. It draws on Oscar Wilde and Alan Aykbourne and it comes across as more Gilbert and Sullivan than Mozart. Brecht it is not. The humour in it is good-natured and well-meant but the laughter it generates is in the service of what is apparently not a serious story. This because the real facts which Jane Austen was so careful to include, have had to be skipped over. (Those reviewers who claim the show is faithful to the original should go back and reread it.)

Pride and Prejudice is a fairy story. Austen’s artistry consisted of connecting a popular genre to a contemporary reality so both our intelligence and our feelings can be engaged. Economics and the laws of inheritance feature in her novel as they represent the restrictions the Bennet sisters have to break free from – in a world where women had virtually no role to play in society if they didn’t become wives and mothers. The Bennet family lives comfortably, with servants and a carriage, on Mr Bennet’s unearned income (equivalent to £170,000 a year today) but Mrs Bennet is not mad to be obsessed about what will happen to her five daughters if and when her husband dies. Those of the girls who remain unmarried will become homeless and be reduced to the level of the labouring class. Their abilities on the harpsichord and their knowledge of foreign languages won’t help them. They are effectively good for nothing.

Austen’s sharp detailing picks out for us the misery faced by Elizabeth’s friend Charlotte Lucas, who is too insecure to resist Mr Collins’ blandishments and who faces a life with an egotistic eccentric dependent in turn on the whimsical patronage of an almighty snob. She also gives us Lydia Bennet’s elopement with Lieutenant Wickham. Lydia is only fifteen. The age of consent in 1800 was twelve but even two hundred years ago a relationship between a man and a young teenager would have raised eyebrows – as we see from Darcy’s treatment of Wickham. Wickham has already tried it on with his sister.

Any mention of paedophilia or any close consideration of economics or of a legal system preventing women from inheriting property, would unbalance a light-hearted piece of entertainment, so the production skirts these issues. It understates, for example, the social disaster the Bennet family face when Bingley appears to have jilted Jane and Lydia’s elopement has disgraced them.

But you can’t have everything. Like Mary Bennet, ‘I profess myself one of those who consider intervals of recreation and amusement as desirable for everybody.’ Until someone manages to turn work by Sally Rooney or Annie Ernaux into relevant modern comedy, we can go along with productions like that offered by this regional collaboration. Escapism is sometimes OK, and it puts bums on seats.

Review, Connor Fogel, Lisztomania, Tabernacl, Cardiff by James Ellis

It would be a surreal Halloween in 2025. I chose to dress up as Marioneta Negocios from Adult Swim, most curious recent offering Women Wearing Shoulder Pads. My plus one was Lady Dimitrescu from Resident Evil Village. Some concerns over dressing up and also political views in a church, would be quickly brushed aside, the Tabernacle have often been friendly and welcoming. It’s why I go back.

Seeing Connor Fogel back last year in the same venue, the through line is naturally Lizst. Connor should not be accused of micro-obsessions, as his devotion to Liszt and known ways in which the composer played, are part of this pianist branding. In this programme entirely made up from the Hungarian composer, it would be mostly arrangements of other’s work. Rossini’s Overture to William Tell is a standard, most famous for the gallop. I noted the lack of dampened pedals for extended passages, the wonderful cello solo rings out, the famous parts puffy and handled with aplomb.

Reminiscences of Lucia di Lammermoor from Donizetti is more well regarded material. I’ve personally never been wowed by this Italian composer, though Liszt takes chunks from the opera and swirls it into a marvellous patter for piano. Mozart and his Don Giovanni (though here dubbed Don Juan) got the Liszt treatment, with Connor noting Scriabin never recovered form playing this take on the opera, with a profound hand injury emerging from rehearsal. It was more dark drama, though a whisper of Zerlina’s aria would really seal the deal.

Lovely Schubert came next and Liszt usage of Ave Maria is by far the most perfumed, wispy right hand ornaments, aside your eternal melody. ‘Le roe des aulnes’ or Erlkönig was a nice touch for All Hallow’s Eve, the story gothic, the composition a highlight of Schubert’s lieder. With the singer playing four varying roles, Connor on piano braced this command with focus and lucidity. The wrap up (with no encore) was Liszt’s very own Grand gallop chromatique. Feverishly absurd in nature, the composer knew how to send audiences dazed and dazzled, Connor seems to relish playing this. It’s finality leave smiles, though I dare say a touch of Wagner next time would really seal the deal form me. It was a family affair, after all.

David Lynch and the Art of Fragmentation by Ayo Adeyinka

With Chapter’s David Lynch season recently concluded, I wanted to reflect on some of the films I watched. As a film fan, Lynch has always loomed large. I’d seen and been delightfully confounded by Blue Velvet (1986) at a young age and had tepidly dipped my toe into the uncanny waters of Twin Peaks (1990-91). In the wake of his death, I, like many others, decided to dig further into his work and Chapter’s season provided the perfect opportunity.

Over the course of the season, it became clear to me that Lynch’s filmography has long been preoccupied with fragmentation. I’ve always been drawn to the theme- the way identity, perception, and experience can splinter and overlap- and in Lynch’s work, this fascination felt amplified. Watching him wrestle with fractured subjectivity made the films feel both unsettling and alive, and it’s this tension that kept pulling me deeper into his worlds. In Lost Highway (1997), Mulholland Drive (2001), and Inland Empire (2006) specifically, this fascination takes a distinct trajectory: what begins as fragmentation as a symptom ultimately culminates in fragmentation as a condition.

Lost Highway: Fragmentation as Escape

Lost Highway begins with the paranoia of being watched. Fred Madison (Bill Pullman), a jazz musician, receives videotapes filmed inside his own house. The tapes arrive anonymously, and are terrifying because they suggest an external, spectral eye. His subjectivity unravels under this pressure. His sexual inadequacy, jealousy, and inability to communicate are compounded by guilt- likely for murdering his wife, Renee (Patricia Arquette). “I like to remember things my own way,” he says early on, insisting on control over memory. It’s a fragile defense. Soon, his psyche generates an escape route: Fred becomes Pete Dayton (Balthazar Getty), a younger man who is confident, desired, potent.

This transformation, which Lynch called a “psychogenic fugue,” is part plot twist part psychic rupture. Pete offers Fred a way to continue for a while, to live inside a fantasy of vitality. But fantasies cannot hold forever. The recursive line “Dick Laurent is dead” becomes both the spark and the implosion of this psychic construction. Fred is caught in a Möbius strip: both the man receiving the message and the man delivering it. The loop closes, and the fantasy collapses.

Fragmentation in Lost Highway is thus a symptom; a psychic defense against guilt and impotence, a way of buying time in the face of trauma. The self fragments because it cannot endure.

Mulholland Drive: Fragmentation as Dream Logic

If Lost Highway uses fragmentation to repress trauma, Mulholland Drive structures it around dream logic. The first half of the film plays like a fairy tale: Betty (Naomi Watts), bright-eyed, bushy-tailed and gifted, arrives in Los Angeles full of promise. She discovers Rita (Laura Harring), an amnesiac brunette, and together they set out to solve a mystery.

For a while the fantasy works, and Lynch treats it with deep reverence. Hollywood glows with potential. But eventually the frame cracks. Betty becomes Diane, Rita becomes Camilla, and the romance collapses into betrayal and humiliation. The fantasy was Diane’s dream, a desperate attempt to rewrite her failures and rejections. In this structure, fragmentation serves as a hinge: dream versus reality, fantasy versus trauma.

Diane’s tragedy is not that the fantasy was false, it was real enough to genuinely sustain her for a time, but that it could not hold. The kiss between Betty and Rita embodies this tension. It’s tender, charged, but ultimately folded into the dream logic that unravels into despair. The recognition it offers cannot last. Like Lost Highway, fragmentation here derives from something and feels narratively coded; in the dream context, the doubling makes sense. However, in Mulholland Drive the dream world is less a cover, and more a lived space, vivid and real, almost equal to the ‘reality’ that follows it.

Inland Empire: Fragmentation as a Way of Being

By the time we reach Inland Empire, the logic develops considerably. Nikki Grace (Laura Dern), an actress cast in a mysterious film, becomes Sue, a character within that film. But from the beginning, the boundaries are porous. Nikki bleeds into Sue, Sue into Nikki. Other figures emerge: the Lost Girl watching from a room, the prostitutes, the rabbits in a sitcom-like set, a Polish woman, various doubles. Identities multiply, overlap, and dissolve.

Unlike Lost Highway or Mulholland Drive, there is no clean binary. There is no dream to wake from, no fantasy to collapse. There isn’t even a single doubling. Multiplicity proliferates without axis. Nikki/Sue doesn’t fracture because of an identifiable trauma; she was never whole. She is always already multiple: actress, wife, prostitute, ghost, watcher, watched, victim, comforter.

Shot on digital video, the film’s grain and distortion are inseparable from its content. The camera is no longer an outsider intruding, as in Lost Highway. Nor is it the machinery of fantasy, as in Mulholland Drive. In Inland Empire, the camera is reality itself. It shapes the very condition of subjectivity, especially in the modern age, where Lynch seems especially prescient: to be filmed, to be seen, to perform endlessly.

Unlike the other two films, fragmentation in Inland Empire doesn’t seem to stem from anything; it’s not a symptom, or a narrative device- it’s a state of being and doesn’t necessarily lead to revelation. Nikki/Sue fragments not to withhold truth or conceal trauma but because, in her world, that’s what the self does. And then there’s the kiss. Unlike the Mulholland kiss, this one is not eroticised or doomed. It arrives as a recognition: one woman truly seeing another, outside the mediation of roles and screens. Multiplicity doesn’t disappear, but for an instant, it coheres into recognition. It’s not a cure, or a return to unity, but an instant that acknowledges fragmentation and continues regardless.

Watching Inland Empire last of the three films felt appropriate. Not just because it was Lynch’s last feature film, or his longest, or arguably most difficult- but because it feels like the culmination of a journey. Where can you go after rejecting not just narrative resolution but fragmentation as a means to an end? The earlier films still hold out for the possibility of wholeness, even if only in fantasy, even if only for a moment. By contrast, Inland Empire makes peace with fragmentation as the default; suggesting that the self is never whole, never singular, never ‘off-camera’. And yet, the film doesn’t grieve this. If anything, its final moments are joyous: smiles, dancing, a room full of women and doubles and ghosts simply being. This notion struck me then, as it does now, as radical, deeply honest and profoundly moving: the subject may not unify but she does endure.

Review The Signalman, Theatr Clwyd by Donna Williams

 out of 5 stars (4 / 5)

Prior to attending Middle Ground Theatre Company’s The Signalman at Theatr Clwyd I picked up a copy of Classic Ghost Stories at my local library and, by complete coincidence, the first offering was The Signalman by Charles Dickens. I decided to resist temptation and attend the production with no expectations (better than great expectations, pardon the pun!) I did, however, skim through and wrack my brains as to how this production was going to take place over 1 hour and 40 minutes, the story taking up a mere 16 pages of this collection.

What better time of year to witness this piece than during the lead up to Halloween- the atmosphere set immediately upon entering the auditorium; dark curtain down and eerie piano music playing. As the curtain rises, the music’s volume increases and we are greeted with a lowly, dark piece of railway line through a tunnel (via use of effective projections) and a signal box shaded in smog, kitted out with everything we might find in a signal box in 1880- bells, levers, flags, a couple of chairs, book shelves, a kettle. The set is static throughout with the addition of several impressive light and sound effects to portray night and day, trains rumbling by, night owls hooting, the wind howling through the trees. It’s all very Victorian, very Dickens!

Dickens always had an interest in the concept of ghosts (made no clearer than in one of his most well-known and loved works, A Christmas Carol, published many years before The Signalman). However, Dickens was also a passenger in the Staplehurst train crash of 1865 which, although he survived, left him with significant psychiatric injury. Perhaps then, this eerie tale, was his way of attempting to banish his own demons and examine the suffering caused by this tragic event. In using the railway as his setting, Dickens provides a backdrop which we can all relate to- although, individuals being able to cross the railway line with only a ‘mind the line’ warning beforehand is a somewhat insane concept in the modern age!

In brief, our signalman, brilliantly portrayed by Chris Walker, is experiencing ‘hauntings’ which he cannot explain and has come to tell of these happenings to a holidaymaker out walking in the area. The holidaymaker is somewhat of an ambiguous character. Is he really an innocent gentleman on holiday? Is he a journalist? An inspector? John Burton plays this character with great energy and authority, and we are left wondering what his purpose is here. It seems his friendliness causes the signalman to relax and talk freely about the ghostly visions- from visiting apparitions, books falling from shelves of their own accord, doors opening without a breeze, voices calling out. As an audience, we are also privy to these occurrences, leaving us feeling uneasy throughout- do we believe what we are seeing? Why are these unearthly incidents happening? Perhaps we now feel as our signalman feels.

Without giving too much of the story away, it appears that the signalman is experiencing fears of an impending disaster on this part of isolated line- not helped by the recollection of past events. The question is, is what happens next down to fate or is it down to these peculiar premonitions?

This is a magnificent re-telling of a lesser-known Dickens fable which builds a fantastically formidable atmosphere throughout, by way of character, set, costume, lighting, sound, and special effects. Having since read the original, it is clear there have been a few embellishments but, overall, the production stays true to the text and is a great, atmospheric period piece, perfect for a dark, winter’s evening.

The Signalman continues its UK Tour on November 4th at the Darlington Hippodrome and continues into 2026, finishing at the Wolverhampton Grand Theatre on March 28th. Head to the website for more information:

The Signalman | Middle Ground Theatre Company Ltd

Review The Weir, Harold Pinter Theatre by Millie Pinkstone

Photo Credit- Millie Pinkstone

Upon first discovering the concept of The Weir, I was intrigued- a naturalistic play about ghost stories seems almost like juxtaposition. It wasn’t until the curtain came up and the play silently began that I truly understood- and for the next hour and forty five minutes, I was captivated.

Before the actors had even uttered a line, the hyperrealistic set caught my eye. Every detail was intentional and beautifully crafted, from the doorway to the pictures on the wall. Every part served a purpose, and added to the solemn atmosphere of the play. The wooden hues, accompanied by the everyday clothing of the characters, further immersed the audience.

Whilst the cast was small, their stage presence could’ve enthralled an audience ten times bigger. Each character wove their personalities into their stories in a different way- from Valerie’s (Kate Phillips) tear-jerking tale about her daughter to the strangely comedic element of Jim’s (Seán McGinley) delivery, it was impossible to be bored at any point.

Brendan Gleeson’s portrayal of Jack was highly anticipated by many- and his performance left little to be desired. The second he stepped on stage, the audience waited with bated breath to see his interpretation of the character. Not many actors could handle the dichotomy of Jack’s darkly funny lines and his profound stories of loss and loneliness, but Gleeson did so expertly.

It isn’t often that a play (or any piece of media) can accurately embody real life- often, something unrealistic interrupts the narrative and the audience can no longer relate to the piece and its characters like they used to. However, the casual dialogue of The Weir resonated with those watching and brought us closer to the action, making us feel as if we were sitting in the pub with the characters without disturbing the serious subject matter.

Photo Credit- Rich Gilligan

Usually, I prefer more plot-based than character-based media, but this play is the exception. I felt that I could connect with everyone onstage- I felt pity for some, laughed with others, and understood the characters’ conflicts as if they were my own. As the storyline mainly revolves around the individual characters and their experiences, one could focus on each person’s story without being distracted by what-ifs and side-plots.

All in all, the performance delivered quality in every area, and left audience members thinking about the characters and their lives for the rest of the night.

Lessons on Revolution, Performed at the Barbican Theatre, Review by Tanica Psalmist

Lessons On Revolution is an immersive documentary theatre. This production reviews numerous global pre-historic events which imposes unrest from political & social injustices, conformity, despair and racial suffering, causing uproar from activists and conscious citizens who refused to accept & integrate at the expense of material comfort for disguised agendas serving the elites greed & mass corruption.

Lessons On Revolution journeys us through 1968, London School of Economics. Where members of the LSE Liberated Zone combine to disconnect from worldwide aparthied inequalities to voice their thoughts. Changing the status quo for radical change despite the powers that be having their resistance, whilst those proceeded doing their due diligence for humanity worldwide.

Writers & performers; as well as flatmates Samuel Rees & Gabriele Uboldi, during 2024, in their Camden flat embark on a discovery of archives from 1968, the student movement that led to the life changing events that made history. Where despite gentrification affecting the cost of living, both guys enter the past in pursuit of finding hope, retelling a story of truth; exploring themes of suicide, racism, and homophobia; restructuring how theatre could reshape reality.

Both men deeply discuss the past, present and future of activism. Especially as the human race at this moment in time have become despondent & dispirited at the breaking point of fleeting fear, worry and energetic awareness in the midsts of capitalism, and the abyss of the unknown within a potential revolutionary future.